Unit Two: Atomic Structure Objectives

Negative electrons occupy most of the space in the atom
Neutrons and protons make up the nucleus
A proton or a neutron is almost 2000 times heavier than an electron
Electric force between the nucleus and the electrons hold the atom together
Knows that electrons, neutrons, and protons are made up of even smaller constituents (SC. 5.9-12.10)
Recognizes how the electron configuration of atoms governs the chemical properties of an element as atoms interact with one another by transferring or sharing valence electrons (SC.5.9-12.1)
Recognizes how the electronic structure is reflected by the periodic table- the location of the suborbitals, number of valence electrons in each column (SC.5.9-12.12)
Interpret the number of protons, neutrons, or electrons are present in a neutral atom or a monatomic ion (SC.5.9-12.12, SC.5.9-12.2)
Knows that most elements have two or more isotopes (SC. 5.9-12.9)
Knows how radioactive isotopes can be used to estimate the age of materials that contain them (SC.5.9-12.3)
Write or complete a nuclear equation
Compare and contrast alpha, beta and gamma radiation
Write the electronic configuration, electron dot notation, or orbital notation for any element

Knows the range of the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, e-rays, gamma rays) (SC.7.9-12.10)
Knows that the energy of electromagnetic radiation is related directly to the frequency and is inversely proportional to the wavelength (SC.7.9-12.10)
Knows how the energy associated with individual atoms and molecules can be used to identify the substances they comprise. Each kind of atom or molecule can gain or lose energy only in discrete amounts and thus can absorb and emit light only at wavelengths corresponding to these amounts. (SC.6.9-12.6)
Knows that nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy and release much greater amounts of energy than atomic interactions.
Recognizes how the electronic structure is reflected by the periodic table- the location of the suborbitals, number of valence electrons in each column (SC.6.9-12.3)

Ongoing themes throughout the year…

Knows that throughout history, people have developed different scientific ideas to solve their problems (SC 8.9-12.3) Major contributors to atomic theory Democritus, Aristotle, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Plank, Schroedinger)
Knows that usually changes in science occur as a result of small modifications of prior knowledge (SC.8.9-12.11)
Knows how basic research and applied research contribute to new discoveries, inventions, and applications (SC. 8.9-12.5)
Recognizes how scientific knowledge changes and accumulates over time (as new evidence becomes available, theories are continually being tested, revised, and occasionally discarded.) (SC. 8.9-12.10)
Knows that from time to time, major shifts occur in the scientific view of how the world works, but usually the changes that take place in the body of scientific knowledge are small modifications of prior knowledge. (SC.8.9-12.11)
Knows that creativity, imagination, and a good knowledge base are required for work in science (SC.8.9-12.8)
Knows that throughout history, diverse cultures have developed scientific ideas and solved human problems through technology (SC.8.9-12.3)

Understands that science involves different types of work in many different disciplines (SC.10.9-12.4)
Knows that cultural conditions that are usually present during great periods of discovery, scientific development, and invention. (SC.10.9-12.5)

Knows that conceptual principles and knowledge guide scientific inquiries; historical and current scientific knowledge influence the design and interpretation of investigations and the evaluation of proposed explanations made by other scientists. (SC.9.9-12.4)
Knows that scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons.